Two of the most powerful tools a manager can use are Recognition and Guidance.
Recognition reinforces what is working and motivates continued excellence. It is best when given in the moment, not months later, tied to impact, core values, or goals.
Appreciation needs to be visible, shareable, and specific. Think of it like a heartbeat—consistent, steady, rhythmic. Aim to recognize contributions at least once every seven days. The goal needs to focus on Purpose, Progress, Belonging, and it need to be Timely, Specific, and Meaningful to the individual. It really is a tool that reinforces the behaviors that you want to see more of.
Guidance builds clarity, trust, and ongoing performance improvement. This means regular coaching, not reactive criticism and the direction needs to be clear and actionable, and very much rooted in trust. One of the best delivery mechanisms is in structured one-on-one meetings and not just when things go wrong. We’ll talk more about guidance in another post.
Recognition is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor. We need to move beyond surface-level gestures and focus on your why. Why are you recognizing someone? What impact do you hope to create? What is the intent or impact you are looking for from your recognition? Of course, you also need to think about how you are going to do it.
A tool to help you dig deeper is McClelland’s Theory of (Motivational) Needs.
McClelland identified three primary motivational needs. Each can be present in varying degrees within an individual, and one is typically dominant. The dominant need influences how a person approaches goals, interacts with others, and responds to incentives. The three primary motivational needs are:
Need for Achievement
Individuals high in achievement motivation are driven by the desire to excel, solve problems, and attain high standards. They prefer tasks that involve personal responsibility and offer clear, measurable outcomes. They are often motivated by:
- Moderate risk and challenge
- Immediate feedback on performance
- Opportunities to improve or master a skill
- Personal accomplishment rather than external recognition
High Need for Achievement individuals tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk tasks—low risk lacks challenge, and high risk introduces elements they can’t control. They are typically goal-oriented and self-motivated.
Need for Affiliation
Those with a high need for affiliation seek harmonious relationships and a sense of belonging. They are motivated by:
- Acceptance by others
- Warm interpersonal connections
- Avoidance of conflict or rejection
- Group cohesion and shared experiences
High Need for Affiliation individuals value cooperation over competition and often prioritize relationships above task outcomes. They tend to be sensitive to social cues and are often seen as loyal and collaborative.
Need for Power
The need for power refers to the desire to influence or control others, events, or outcomes. McClelland distinguished between two forms:
Personal power: Seeking power for individual status or dominance.
Institutional (or socialized) power: Seeking power to achieve organizational or group goals.
High Need for Power individuals are motivated by:
- Impacting others’ behavior or thinking
- Gaining recognition or authority
- Organizing resources or people to accomplish goals
- Competing for influence or outcomes
Those with a strong need for institutional power often make effective leaders when their focus is on collective results rather than personal gain.
Characteristics and Behavioral Tendencies
The theory holds that people behave differently depending on which need dominates their motivational profile:
- High achievement-oriented people take calculated risks, seek feedback, and focus on task accomplishment. They may not enjoy delegation or group-based work that dilutes personal responsibility.
- High affiliation-oriented people excel in roles requiring relationship-building, customer service, or team cohesion. However, they may struggle with conflict, tough feedback, or competitive environments.
- High power-oriented individuals are drawn to leadership, influence, and persuasion. When guided toward organizational goals (rather than self-interest), they can be effective change agents.
This information reinforces why it is so important that Organizations and its Supervisors understand what motivates their employees. Creating rewards, recognition, or award systems that are not aligned with employee motivations leads to misalignment and mixed messages—and it can undermine your workplace culture.
Let’s be clear. It is not only the role of upper management to recognize the efforts and energy of an employee. There is a tremendous opportunity for peers to recognize each other. A few genuine compliments or kind words from a co-worker can go a long way. And they are free. So why aren’t compliments given so freely to everyone by everyone?
The reality is that a brief compliment that is about really noticing someone can make most days a lot better. Recognition isn’t just a feel-good gesture—it’s a strategic leadership practice. Start by training your supervisors to understand what truly motivates each individual on their team. Make recognition regular, intentional, and personal. Empower employees to recognize one another and create systems that support all three of McClelland’s motivational needs.
And most importantly, don’t wait. Start today with one genuine, specific expression of appreciation. It could change the trajectory of someone’s day—or their career. Talk about a movement!