When Someone Is Struggling: Creating a Workplace Where It Is Safe to Ask for Help
Substance use in the workplace is one of those topics employers know they should be prepared to address, but often hope they never actually have to. Until they do.
An employee comes to a supervisor and says they are struggling.
A manager notices changes in an employee’s behavior and does not know how or what say.
Someone admits they need help but is terrified that asking for it will cost them their job.
Or there is a safety concern, and suddenly everyone is looking at HR asking, “What do we do now?”
This is exactly why preparation matters.
Creating a safe workplace does not mean ignoring safety concerns, excusing performance issues, or looking the other way when a policy has been violated. It means building an environment where employees understand the expectations and know where they can turn when they need help.
Those two things can and should exist together.
Start With the Policy. Then Make Sure People Actually Understand It.
A drug- and alcohol-free workplace policy should not be something employees encounter for the first time when there is a problem.
Your policy should clearly explain expectations around drug and alcohol use, impairment, possession, testing when applicable, reporting requirements, consequences, and available resources. It should also reflect the specific requirements and risks of your workplace.
And then you have to communicate it.
We know. Another policy to communicate. HR’s favorite hobby.
But there is a significant difference between handing someone a handbook during onboarding and helping employees understand what a policy means in real life.
Consider periodically reminding employees:
- What your workplace expectations are.
- Where the policy can be found.
- Who they can contact with questions or concerns.
- What confidential resources may be available.
- Whether your organization offers an Employee Assistance Program (EAP).
- How an employee can access those resources.
The goal is not to make the communication sound threatening.
“Here are our expectations, and here is where you can get help” is a very different message than “Break this rule and you’re fired.”
That distinction matters.
Know What Your EAP Actually Offers
Many employers have an Employee Assistance Program tucked somewhere inside their benefits package.
Great.
Now, can your managers tell an employee how to access it?
Can HR?
Do employees know it exists?
An EAP may provide confidential support, assessments, referrals, counseling, substance use resources, family support, and other services depending on the employer’s specific program. Some programs also offer resources for managers who are trying to navigate a difficult employee situation.
Do not wait until someone is in crisis to figure out what you purchased.
Take some time to understand your EAP. Ask your provider what is available to employees, what resources managers can access, how referrals work, and what materials are available for communicating the benefit.
Then talk about it.
Normalize the EAP as a resource rather than something employees are sent to when something has “gone wrong.”
Managers Need More Than a Copy of the Handbook
Managers are often the first people to notice that something has changed.
Attendance becomes inconsistent. Behavior changes. Performance slips. An employee appears impaired. A coworker raises a concern. Or an employee simply closes the office door and says:
“I need help.”
That is a big moment.
The manager’s response can determine whether the employee continues the conversation or immediately wishes they had never started it.
Managers do not need to become substance use counselors. They should not diagnose employees, investigate their personal lives, or make assumptions about what is happening.
They do need to know:
- What the organization’s policy says.
- What signs or workplace behaviors require action.
- When safety requires immediate intervention.
- Who to contact internally.
- What EAP or other resources are available.
- How to respond compassionately without making promises they cannot keep.
- When HR needs to become involved.
- How to document workplace facts rather than assumptions.
A manager who knows the process is much less likely to panic, overreact, ignore the situation, or say something they wish they could take back.
Training matters.
Supportive Does Not Mean Permissive
This is where employers sometimes get stuck.
“If we take a supportive approach, aren’t we saying the behavior is okay?”
No.
You can care about an employee and still hold them accountable.
You can offer resources and still address performance.
You can create an opportunity for someone to ask for help and still enforce your safety requirements.
In fact, HR Answers has long encouraged organizations to focus corrective processes on addressing the problem rather than simply punishing the employee, while recognizing that personal issues may sometimes contribute to workplace performance concerns and that an EAP referral may be appropriate.
Support and accountability are not opposites.
The goal is to respond to the workplace issue appropriately while remembering there is a person on the other side of the conversation.
And Sometimes Zero Tolerance Really Does Mean Zero
Some workplaces have very little room for flexibility when it comes to impairment.
Organizations subject to Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements, employers with employees operating vehicles or heavy equipment, and other safety-sensitive workplaces may have strict testing, reporting, removal-from-duty, or other requirements that must be followed.
Safety comes first.
A supportive culture does not mean allowing an impaired employee to continue performing safety-sensitive work.
It means employees should know the rules before there is a problem.
It means supervisors should be trained to recognize and respond to reasonable-suspicion situations appropriately.
It means policies should clearly explain expectations and processes.
And it means an employee can still be treated with dignity and compassion while the organization follows its required safety procedures.
You can say:
“We have to follow this process because of the safety requirements of your position. We also want to make sure you know what resources are available to you.”
Those statements can live in the same conversation.
Think About the Message Your Culture Sends
Here is an important question for leadership:
Would an employee in your organization feel safe telling someone they have a substance use problem before it becomes a workplace crisis?
If the answer is “probably not,” that is worth exploring.
Employees pay attention to how organizations respond when people struggle.
They hear how managers talk about employees who are having a hard time. They notice whether asking for help is treated as responsible behavior or as a weakness. They remember what happened to the last person who admitted something was wrong.
Culture teaches people whether it is safe to speak.
If every conversation about substance use begins and ends with punishment, employees may decide the safest option is silence.
And silence does not necessarily make the workplace safer.
A culture that communicates expectations clearly and encourages employees to seek help earlier gives people another path.
The Conversation Before the Conversation
Do not wait until an incident occurs to decide how your organization feels about this topic.
Review your policies.
Understand your EAP or who to contact.
Confirm any DOT or other regulatory requirements that apply to your workforce.
Train your managers.
Communicate resources to employees.
Talk about safety.
And make sure the people employees are most likely to approach know how to respond when someone says, “I’m struggling.”
Because creating a safe workplace is about more than preventing impairment on the job.
It is also about creating enough psychological safety for someone to raise their hand before things get worse.
As humans, we remember how people made us feel in a time of need.
Clear expectations. Consistent processes. Trained managers. Available resources. Compassionate conversations.
That is not being soft on policy.
That is good HR.
Join Rachelle and Deborah for our HR Lunch Bunch event on Wednesday, December 2nd for an expanded conversation. Reserve your seat today: https://hranswers.com/lunch-bunch/









